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India - Regulatory Requirement for Genetically Modified (GM) Crops in India and GM Detection Approaches

India

Jul 17, 2024

In light of current situation of growing population and decreasing agricultural area, crop improvement programs using genetic engineering help to mitigate climate change and provide food security. Over 190 million hectares (mha) of area worldwide come under the commercial plantation of genetically modified (GM) crops. In this chapter, the regulatory requirement for GM crops, together with a case study on the import to commercialization of Bt cotton in India, has been covered. The approved Bt cotton events in the country are classified as authorized GM (AGM), whereas the GM events, which have not received approval for commercial use, are regarded as unauthorized GM (UGM) events. As a key to regulatory compliance, the DNA-based detection approaches such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with on-site application for verifying AGM and UGM events in the supply chain, multiplexing in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/real-time PCR (qPCR) for simultaneous detection of multiple targets, and real-time PCR for detection of even UGM traces, are crucial for adhering to regulatory requirements. This chapter focuses on the challenges and possible technological solutions in UGM detection. Additionally, the role of stringent regulation to ensure tracking of UGMs and prevent any GM from escaping into the environment is emphasized. The aforementioned techniques can be used on a case-by-case basis in the country to detect unauthorized entrance of GM seeds or food products into the supply chain and the marketplace, depending on the practical requirements and resource availability.

 

Author(s):  Singh, M., Aminedi, R.

Published in: Springer

For further information, click on the: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-97-3119-0_2

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